1. Thanks!

2. The first wave of Jewish immigration was Sephardic. That's related to but not the same as MENA.

3. Yes, at the height of race as a pseudoscience, there were rabid antisemites who insisted Jews were a race. In the S, they were never able to legally categorize Jews as nonwhite.

4. Do you have any examples of a European Jew being required to have a physical? I know of cases of the reverse, where light-skinned black people were able to pass as white by claiming to be MENA.